Although you are not required to file an operating agreement with the SOS when registering your North Dakota LLC, creating one is an essential step in the formation and operation of your LLC. Governed by the provisions of the North Dakota Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (ULLCA), an operating agreement provides the framework for how your LLC will be financed, managed, and operated once formed. According to the ULLCA, the operating agreement governs the following:
The operating agreement (“OA”) will specify how the LLC is to be managed. A North Dakota LLC can be member-managed, board-managed, or manager-managed. The default form of management is a member-managed LLC in North Dakota unless the Operating Agreement specifically states that the LLC is to be manager or board-managed.
In a member-managed LLC, management authority is equally shared among all members. In a manager-managed LLC, a separate manager or group of managers (who may or may not also be members) is designated to manage the company. A board-managed LLC is managed by a board of governors chosen by members holding a majority of the voting power of the members.
The OA may go into great detail regarding the management of the LLC or simply provide a general management structure; however, including detailed management terms and provisions in the OA reduces confusion and the likelihood of disputes in the future.
The OA should also include information about ownership shares, initial financial contributions, and future profit allocation. You may also decide to include a buy-sell agreement within your OA that addresses what happens if certain triggering events occur, such as the death, disability, divorce, or bankruptcy of a member.
One of the primary reasons to create an LLC is to “limit” the financial responsibility of members for debts and liabilities of the company. As such, your OA should include provisions that address the protection intended to be bestowed on members to reduce the likelihood that a member could be held personally liable for company debts/liabilities down the road.
There is no legal requirement to create an Operating Agreement for your North Dakota LLC, nor are you required to file one with the SOS. If you do create an Operating Agreement, however, the North Dakota Uniform Limited Liability Company Act will govern the agreement.